Solar Energy Is A Great Source Of Renewable Energy

Solar energy is now a great source of renewable energy. Due to the limited stock of fossil fuel, solar panel systems become more popular day by day. Now Industries, houses and defensive forces are using solar panel systems to generate power. The solar panels generate power from sun radiation. Solar cells are also known as Photovoltaic (PV) cells. When sunlight with a specific frequency hits metal, loosely bound electrons emit from the metal as shown in Figure 1. A potential difference is created in between the cathode and the anode. When the anode and the cathode connect, current flows. Solar panel systems use this mechanism to generate power. Then, generated power is carried out to the battery to store and distribute to the load. The main obstacle for solar panel systems is night and cloudy weather, due to low solar radiation. Figure 1: Electrons emitted from metal with solar radiation Many procedures and complications involved with the system. It is necessary to know how the panel produces power in various conditions. The procedures of storing the power in the batteries and what kind of batteries need to be used is also necessary to know. However, power distribution is also an important term that needs to be learned for solar panel installation. Synopsis My final project will be a sun tracking solar panel system. Stationary solar panels are not capable of generating the same amount of power throughout the day as the sun moves. If solarShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits Of Renewable Source Of Energy893 Words   |  4 Pagesbiodiesel burns much cleaner than diesel fuel (Berget al., 2011). According to Bosch and his colleagues, the demand for renewable source of energy is exceeding political agendas (2015). Renewable energies is in great interest of developed countries that lack fossil fuels (Bosch et al., 2015). Even the environmental or social cost are not taken into account while meeting renewable resource demand in developing countries (Bosch et al., 2015). Government should take biomass sustainability into considerationRead MoreSolar Energy Incentives999 Words   |  4 PagesSubject: Financial Incentives to Expand Solar Power Adoption in the United States Recommended Action The lack of a nationwide solar power policy, alongside significant technical hurdles, hinders the progress of renewable energy across the United States of America. Strengthen national policies by introducing financial incentives for research, development, and manufacturing that tackle technical challenges to the growth of renewable energy. Incentives such as tax breaks, low interest rate loans, andRead MoreThe Environmental Impact Of Renewable Energy Sources1555 Words   |  7 PagesThere is a great consensus among scientists that global warming is real and is being accelerated by human generated emissions. Since the start of the industrial revolution the United States has been a huge contributor to global warming. What causes global warming? When carbon dioxide collects in the earth’s atmosphere, it creates an invisible thick layer that traps heat on earth from the sun. The more carbon dioxide that s pumped into the atmosphere, the more heat is trapped and slowly raisesRead MoreRenewable Energy And Solar Energy Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pagespertaining to the idea of solar renewable energy. Within the research, I will look to inform the reader on advantages and disadvantages of solar energy. Also, how solar energy will affect human in later years in the universe. Once research is conducted the report will then be organized into an informational report. The informational report will be shared with U.S solar marketers, John Barbour, and others whom are interested in knowing more information about solar energy. The main objective of thisRead MoreEssay about Renewable Energy: A Bright Future707 Words   |  3 Pagesshows us just how important renewable energy sources are. Currently the U nited States of America thrives on the use of fossil fuels and nuclear power. The main problems with these types of fuel are that they are both limited and can be extremely harmful to our environment. They cause global warming, air pollution, acid rain, and oil spills (Environment), and not only that, but in the grand scheme of things, these sources really aren’t even that cheap of a fuel source. There are many alternativesRead MoreBrazil s Global Energy Development Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesBrazil is Latin America’s largest renewable energy market notwithstanding flat economic growth as its commitment to renewable energy is strong and has facilitated continuous investment in this segment sighting that nearly 76 percent comes from renewable resources. (International Trade Administration Sector Snapshot) To date, wind and hydropower have been the source of Brazil’s renewable energy expansion. As it is projected that new solar energy development over t he long term will provide an encouragingRead MoreAlternative Energy: Solar Energy1323 Words   |  5 PagesIn the world today, alternative energy source which is an alternative to fossil fuel and nuclear energy is becoming more and more of a necessity. Right now, the world’s population growth has caused an increase in the energy demand. Rosenberg (2009) pointed out that the world’s current growth rate is about 1.14%, representing a doubling time of 61 years. OECDs International Energy Agency[IEA] (2014) found that from 2011 to 2035 the world energy demand is likely to rise by more than two-thirds. ThoughRead MoreThe Future Of Solar Energy1006 Words   |  5 Pagesfor sustainable investment . With the necessities for diversified economies and youth bulges providing an eager labor force, there is certainly room for growth in the region. A study by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) shows that countries seriously involved with renewable energies can expe ct significant job creation. In Germany, for example, the numbers were 150,057 for direct employment and 120,533 for indirect . Coupled with the increasing openness of the societies and the politicalRead MoreTypes Of Energy Resources Used All Over The World872 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many types of energy resources used all over the world. These can be classified as either renewable or non-renewable energy sources. Renewable sources are those that are found readily but do not face the possibility of depletion. These include solar, wind and hydroelectric energy sources. Non-renewable energy sources are found in the environment but can be depleted by overuse and these include natural gas, coal, and oil. Among the renewable energy sources, solar energy is the most commonlyRead MoreBenefits And Limitations Of Renewable Energy Sources1678 Words   |  7 Pagesthat we live, the prospects for renewable energy will increase in the European union as a whole, and in the UK in particul ar, in the coming decades. Renewable energy sources are already providing a significant proportion of the world’s primary energy, and it is likely to be providing a much greater proportion of the world’s energy by the second half of the 21th century. The European Union countries may do something to increase 20% of all energy from Renewable sources by 2020 to the society.This essay

The Reading Of The Hebrew Bible - 1867 Words

In the required reading of The Hebrew Bible, the character referred to as God is represented as a very mysterious character in several different instances. God appears to test the humans He creates periodically without cause. He punishes more than just the guilty offenders with His wrath and yet will reward the unfavorable actions of others. He appears to be a constant contradiction of His own ethical code leaving a sense of confusion towards any definition of morality. In the beginning of Genesis, God creates humans to inhabit the earth with the animals and vegetation, including the tree of knowledge, that are previously created. God also gives man dominion over all of His creations on the earth. God then commands the human saying, From every fruit of the garden you may surely eat. But from the tree of knowledge, good and evil you shall not eat, for on the day you eat from it, you are doomed to die. ( pg. 159-160). It can be pondered as to why God ever placed the tree on earth at all if it were not meant to test mankind. A different kind of test is produced for His faithful servant Job in the Book of Job. God takes all the material possessions He has blessed Job with, including his children. All this is due to a conversation that carries the semblance of a bet, with the Adversary. God even declares that Job was a blameless and upright man, who fears God and shuns evil and still clings to his innocence, and you [the Adversary] incited Me against him to destroy himShow MoreRelatedThe Hebrew Bible, By Marc Zvi Brettler1390 Words   |  6 PagesJewish Bible, authored by Biblical scholar, and professor, Marc Zvi Brettler, is an enlightening text, guiding people towards studying the Hebrew Scriptures purposefully. Brettler (2005) reveals his book provides a response to the frustration many readers hold towards the Hebrew Bible, with the conventional tendency of filtering it through the lens of present-day culture. Generally, he argues, as a result, this leads one to misconstrue passages or arrive at the definitive conclusion the Bible holdsRead MoreThe Bible And The Hebrew Bible783 Words   |  4 Pagesa conclusion must be made that one can not put ancient literature into a neat and tidy â€Å"this is what the Bible is saying so it m ust be true† box. There are many parts of the Hebrew Bible that are strange to read. If many were lived out today, it would ostracize people, and to be blunt, land someone in prison. However, all of these passages are included in this great book, the Hebrew Bible, for a reason. They were important to the Jewish culture whom they were written for. Why were they importantRead MoreThe Three Paradigms of Biblical Studies Essay852 Words   |  4 PagesThe academic study of the Hebrew Bible encompasses thousands of scholars from around the world. These scholars use various methods developed by other disciplines in order to study ancient texts along with other approaches that are distinctive to the biblical studies. Biblical scholars have recently divided the profession into three paradigms which are commonly referred to as the three worlds. Particularly, some scholars focus on the world within the text; others explore the world in front of theRead MoreWilliam Coverdale ( 1488-1569 ), The Great Bible911 Words   |  4 Pages William Coverdale (1488-1569), The Great Bible The atmosphere changed in England as Rome and Henry the VIII came into conflict. Henry the VII wanted to divorce his Catholic wife, Katherine of Aragon, the Catholic Church refused. When the Pope refused, Henry VII renounced the Catholic Church and appointed himself head of the Church of England. To spite the Catholic Church and unify his kingdom, he ordered the Bible printed and translated into English, and placed in all the churchesRead MoreThe Universal Truths on the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Hebrew Bible596 Words   |  3 Pages‘The Epic of Gilgamesh amp; The Hebrew Bible’ The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Hebrew Bible are considered by their audiences’ as two of the greatest literary works of ancient literature. The universal truths on The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Hebrew Bible, are most fundamental when viewed from both the contemporary and traditional audiences. Fundamentally, both audiences develop their own universal truths during the time in which the events transpired or by reading the scenic events from an anthologyRead MoreTextual Critical Problems Of The Old Testament845 Words   |  4 Pages×™×  Ã—‘ â€Å"sons of God.† Some have postulated that this reading renders the Israelite religion to be polytheistic instead of monotheistic. Therefore, translators have changed the Scripture to read â€Å"sons of Israel† (NIV, NASB), â€Å"children of Israel† (KJV), or â€Å"people of Israel† (HCSB). Dr. Heiser has persuasively argued that the translation â€Å"sons of God† is the correct reading of the ori ginal Hebrew text, and should be translated that way in our English Bibles for a number of reasons. A few examples will beRead MoreChristianity : The World And Judaism1290 Words   |  6 Pagesstudy and understanding of authority. Christianity follows a system of laws and Jesus is seen as the giver of laws. Jesus relays the messages that his father has given to him. In the Bible it is written, â€Å"Then I said, ‘Here I am, it is written about me in the scroll: I have come to do Your will, O God† (Hebrews 10:7), He was saying that as written in the scriptures he was there to follow his father’s desired will. The people look to Jesus as an authority and he looks to God as his. ChristianityRead MoreChanges Due to English Evolution Affect Integrity of the Bible1705 Words   |  7 Pagescontrol of the Holy Bible without many recorded challenges for more than one thousand years, according to several historical documents. Church authorities told church members they could neither read nor interpret the text themselves. The principles clergy taught in church were what churchgoers often believed. Eventually, a high-ranking German monk named Martin Luther challenged church officials in the 16th ce ntury and began reading and interpreting the Scriptures. As he studied the Bible, he found manyRead MoreThe Two Accounts Of Creation1714 Words   |  7 Pagesdarkness over the deep and God s breath hovering er the waters, God said, Let there be light(The Hebrew Bible 94). This is how readers have always started out studying the Bible. Little did they know there was an entirely different account of creation just a little ways down from the first account they see in Genesis. So, is there really two different accounts of God creating the Earth in the Bible? Some people believe yes, others believe, no. Throughout this essay I will be taking a deeper lookRead MoreChristianity And The World And Judaism1291 Words   |  6 Pagesstudy and understanding of authority. Christianity follows a system of laws and Jesus is seen as the giver of laws. Jesus relays the messages that his father has given to him. In the Bible it is written, â€Å"Then I said, ‘Here I am, it is written about me in the scroll: I have come to do Your will, O God† (Hebrews 10:7), He was saying that as written in the scriptures he was there to follow his father’s desired will. The people look to Jesus as an authority and he looks to God as his. Christianity

Revenue Cycle For Motherboards And More Ltd †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Revenue Cycle For Motherboards And More Ltd. Answer: Overview of the revenue cycle for Motherboards and More ltd The basic activities which are undertaken under the revenue cycle are sales order entry, shipping, billing and the cash collections. Sales order entry In this activity the customer provide details for the order he want to get, and the company takes the customer order (Laudon Laudon, 2016). The next process is that the organization check and approves the credit of the customer, they also check the inventory availability of that particular good (Adenike Michael, 2016). The organization checks the inventory that is available to be able to fill on the order. When there is no sufficient goods on hand to fill on the order of the customer, there is a back order which is created. Once the order is available there is a picking ticket which is then created. This helps to authorize on the inventory control function to be able to release the goods to the shipping department (Laudon Laudon, 2016). The next activity if for the company to respond to the inquiries of the customer. Shipping In this activity there is filling of the orders of the customers and shipping them. In this process it consists of two steps the picking and the packing along with the shipping of the order. Billing In this activity it comprise of two tasks which are the invoicing and updating of the A/R (Romney Steinbart, 2012). In the invoicing there is creation of a document for billing processes which is the sales invoice that inform the customer the amount of money they will pay and where the payment will be sent (Adenike Michael, 2016). On the updating of the account receivable this is where information is used on the invoice to debit the customers account for the credit purchases and credit on the account of the customer when the payment have been made (Laudon Laudon, 2016). Cash collections The cashier usually handles on the remittances of the customers and make the deposits in the bank. The remittances usually provide the details of the names as well as the amount of the remittances of customers and send this to the account receivables (Laudon Laudon, 2016). The internal weaknesses of revenue cycle of Motherboards and More. Internal control weaknesses Impact of the weaknesses to the organization. Internal controls to be implemented in Motherboard and More organization. 1. In the sales order: There has been large numbers of the errors where the customers have been given wrong items. This could lead to losing of the customers as they are provided with the goods they did order. The image of the organization would be tarnished as many would stop relying on the product from the company. There should be data entry checks. The credit should be approved by the credit manager, and not by the sales functions. The workers should accurately record on the customer account balances. Additionally there should be signatures on the paper documents; these are the digital signature as well as the digital certificates which are issued for the E-business. There are is also the inventory control system that should be implemented. 2. In issues in the shipping and the delivery; there is shipping errors especially when the customers are sent wrong goods, wrong quantities and the wrong address (Tazik Mohamed, 2014). The company has encountered a loss due to this negligence as some product end up with the wrong customers. The company needs to reconcile the sales order with the picking ticket as well as the packing slip. They should implement the data entry application controls. There should be documentation of the internal transfers for the inventory, the periodic physical counts of the inventory along with the reconciliation of the counts for the amount that is recorded. Overview of the Ransomware attack. The ransomware is an attack which was caused by the self-replicating piece of the software and it takes the advantage of the vulnerabilities to the older versions of the Microsoft Windows (Tazik Mohamed, 2014). This attack usually spread from one computer to another as it finds the exposed targets (Laudon Laudon, 2016). The individuals who were responsible for this attack had demanded three hundred dollars to provide the access to the system which they had attacked (Brazel Agoglia, 2007). This ransomware attack encrypted the data on to the computers. This was the most disruptive attack which has ever been reported as it affected dozen of the countries and they locked the computers and held the files of the users and demanded ransom from multitude of the hospitals, the government and various companies across different sector. Appropriate controls to be implemented in Motherboards and More company to prevent ransom ware attacks. I would recommend the organization to implement the following measures to prevent an attack like this one highlighted. Backup your files: The greatest damage to which the organization may suffer from the ransomware attack would be the loss of the files. Back up is the best protection against any ransomware (Tazik Mohamed, 2014). Keeping of the files and the company information in a completely separate system is the best thing. The best they could back up is either to an external drive which is not connected to the internet. Use of an anti-virus program: An anti-virus program has the capability of scanning the files to be able to see if they contain the ransomware before even downloading them. They are able to block secret installation from any malicious adverts when one is browsing through the internet (Tazik Mohamed, 2014). It is always important to install updates: Organization more often release software updates to be able to fix the vulnerabilities which could be exploited to install the ransomware. It is always important and advisable to download the newest versions of the software you are using in the organization (Uyar, Gungormus Kuzey, 2017). In the case highlighted it showed that the attackers targeted the Microsoft software which were not updated. It is always important to be suspicious of the emails, and websites or the apps: The individuals in this organization need to be always cautious when opening the unsolicited emails or visiting the websites which they are not familiar with. Moreover, they should not download an app which is not verified by their official store (Tazik Mohamed, 2014). Conclusion Based on the report it has highlighted on the various aspect which affects Motherboard and More company. The report has focused on the internal weakness which the company has encountered in regards to their revenue cycle, the ransomware attack and the various means to prevent similar situation occurring in the organization. References Adenike, A. T., Michael, A. A. (2016). Effect of Accounting Information System Adoption on Accounting Activities in Manufacturing Industries in Nigeria. Brazel, J. F., Agoglia, C. P. (2007). An examination of auditor planning judgements in acomplex accounting information system environment. Contemporary Accounting Research, 24(4), 1059-1083. Gordon, L. A., Miller, D. (1976). A contingency framework for the design of accounting information systems. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 1(1), 59-69. Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P. (2016). Management information system. Pearson Education India. Romney, M. B., Steinbart, P. J. (2012). Accounting information systems. Boston: Pearson. Tazik, H., Mohamed, Z. M. (2014, February). Accounting information system effectiveness, foreign ownership and timeliness of corporate financial report. In 5th Asia-Pacific Business Research Conference (pp. 17-18). Uyar, A., Gungormus, A. H., Kuzey, C. (2017). Impact of the Accounting Information System on Corporate Governance: Evidence from Turkish Non-Listed Companies. Australasian Accounting Business Finance Journal, 11(1), 9.

To Clone Or Not To Clone Essays (2041 words) - Cloning,

To Clone Or Not To Clone To Clone or Not to Clone On a soft summer night July 5th, 1966, at 5 p.m., the most famous lamb in history entered the world. (Kolata, pg 1) Many people wonder if this is a miracle for which we can thank God, or an ominous new way to play God ourselves. (Duff, pg1) Now the question is do we clone humans next? For what reasons would we clone humans? Would this be an ethical thing to do in the right situation? These are the issues I wish to discuss in this essay. From the time I was a child I have been hearing about cloning, and until recently, it was only as a science fiction theory. Cloning is now a reality. It undeniably has some very scary prospects. It is very questionable as to just how some in the scientific world will now attempt to proceed with this process, now that it is a reality instead of a theory. Over the years society has picked up coined words from the scientific, but cloning has to be one of the all time favorites. A fairly simple word, clone evokes more controversy than any other word from science. Cloning is not much different from in-vitro fertilization. The major difference is that only one parent donor is required. It is basically creating an identical twin in which one is younger than the original. The word clone refers to one or more offspring derived from one ancestor. You would think with such a simple definition it would not be such a controversial subject, yet it is. The possibility of this technique being applied to the human race shakes me to the very core. Could we be heading to the Hitler ideal of a more superior race? Will we use it to insure all babies will be born without birth defects? Will it be a way for some more fortunate to store extra body parts for later use? Will it replace adoption? Could that part of society considered unacceptable be eliminated? These are only a few of the numerous possibilities of its uses. Could cloning in its self produce a perfect world? One truly outrageous idea many people have, is that people from our past such as Hitler, could be cloned. Nothing is further from the truth. At the present time cloning is only done using living cells, so no person already deceased, could be cloned. Even if it were possible, it would not be the Hitler from history. This is a totally different world than he lived in. The factors that determined his personality are no longer in place. Many plants purchased these days purchased these days are clones. So the theory is as old as man. It is merely taking a living piece of one thing and producing another, and it seems this is completely acceptable. It is only when science crossed over to animal life that the problems began. People realized if it could be accomplished with a sheep it is completely conceivable that it can also be done with a human. Not only a moral issue it is also a religious issue. Many are afraid we will end up with these armies of drones, not real people. Any human, if cloned, would be like you and me, totally unique, with a soul, merely a younger identical twin raised initially in a petri dish. : Some religious organizations have made formal responses to the cloning issue. Here are some of them. The Catholic Church: Pope John Paul II released a statement condemning the cloning of all life forms. The Vatican also issued a statement that only condemned human cloning, but did not address other forms. Judaism: The Chief Rabbi of Israel, Meir Law, stated that the cloning of any creature is against Jewish law. However, some believe cloning in order to produce better food and medication would be allowable in Jewish tradition. World Council of Churches: Martin Robra, executive secretary- the council would prefer a moratorium until all ethical questions can be resolved. There is one problem with the cloning of Dolly that no one has the answer to: Was she six years old when she was born? The cell that was used to create her was from

Aaron Douglas Essays (1154 words) - Harlem Renaissance,

Aaron Douglas Aaron Douglas People may ask, what other than a tornado can come out of Kansas? Well, Aaron Douglas was born of May 26, 1899 in Topeka, Kansas. Aaron Douglas was a Pioneering Africanist artist who led the way in using African- oriented imagery in visual art during the Harlem Renaissance of 1919- 1929. His work has been credited as the catalyst for the genre incorporating themes in form and style that affirm the validity of the black consciousness and experience in America. His parents were Aaron and Elizabeth Douglas. In 1922, he graduated from the University of Nebraska School of Fine Arts in Lincoln. Who thought that this man would rise to meet W.E.B. Du Bois's 1921 challenge, calling for the transforming hand and seeing eye of the artist to lead the way in the search for the African American identity. Yet, after a year of teaching art in Kansas City, Missouri, Douglas moved to New York City's Harlem neighborhood in 1924 and began studying under German artist Winold Reiss. His mentor discouraged Douglas's penchant for traditional realist painting and encouraged him to explore African art for design elements would express racial commitment in his art. The young painter embraced the teachings of Reiss to develop a unique style incorporating African- American and black American subject matter. He soon had captured the attention of the leading black scholars and activists. About the time of his marriage on June 18, 1924, to Alta Sawyer, Douglas began to create illustrations for the periodicals. Early the following year, one of his illustrations appeared on the front cover of Opportunity magazine, which awarded Douglas its first prize for drawing. Also, in 1925, Douglas's illustrations were published in Alain Looke's survey of the Harlem Renaissance, The New Negro. Publisher Looke called Douglas a pioneering Africanist, and that stamp of praise and approval for the artist influenced future historians to describe Douglas as the father of Black American art. His fame quickly spread beyond Harlem, and began to mount painting exhibitions in Chicago and Nashville, among the numerous other cities, and to paint murals and historical narratives interpreting black history and racial pride. During the mid- 1920's, Douglas was an important illustrator for Crisis, Vanity Fair, Opportunity, Theatre Arts Monthly, Fire and Harlem. In 1927, after illustrating an anthology of verse by black poets, Caroling Dusk, Douglas completed a series of paintings for poet James Weldon Johnson's book of poems, God's Trombones: Seven Negro Sermons in Verse. Douglas's images for the book were inspired by Negro Spirituals, customs of Africans and black history. The series soon to became among the most celebrated of Douglas's work. It defined figures with the language of Synthetic Cubism and borrowed from the lyrical style of Reiss and the forms of African sculpture. Through his drawings for the series, Douglas came close to inventing his own painting style by this combination of elements in his work. During this time, Douglas collaborated with various poets. It was also his desire to capture the black expression through the use of paint. He spent a lot of time watching patrons of area nightclubs in Harlem. Douglas said that most of his paintings that were captured in these particular nightclubs were mainly inspired through music that was played. According to Douglas, the sounds of the music was heard everywhere and were created mostly during the Harlem Renaissance by well-trained artists. Douglas's work was looked upon by most critics as a breath of fresh air. His work symbolized geometric formulas, circles, triangles, rectangles, and squares became the dominant design motifs for Douglas. It was in Douglas's series of paintings called God Trombones that Douglas first expressed his commitment through the use of geometric shapes for Black artists. The faces and limbs in these series of paintings are carefully drawn to reveal African features and recognizable Black poses. In God's Trombones, Douglas achieved his mastery of hard- edge painting using symbolized features and lines. Through his use of these things he was able to bring to life the stiffness in the figures which symbolized Art Deco. But, unlike the decorative programs that exist in Art Deco, most of Douglas's work capitalized on the movement that was influenced by the rhythms of

History of Generations of Computers Essays

History of Generations of Computers Essays History of Generations of Computers Essay History of Generations of Computers Essay The computers that you see and use today hasnt come off by any inventor at one go. Rather it took centuries of rigorous research work to reach the present stage. And scientists are still working hard to make it better and better. But that is a different story. First, let us see when the very idea of computing with a machine or device, as against the conventional manual calculation, was given a shape. Though experiments were going on even earlier, it dates back to the 17th century when the first such successful device came into being. Edmund Gunter, an English mathematician, is credited with its development in 1620. Yet it was too primitive to be recognized even as the forefather of computers. The first mechanical digital calculating machine was built in 1642 by the French scientist-philosopher Blaise Pascal. And since then the ideas and inventions of many mathematicians, scientists, and engineers paved the way for the development of the modern computer in following years. But the world has had to wait for yet another couple of centuries to reach the next milestone in developing a computer. Then it was the English mathematician and inventor Charles Babbage who did the wonder with his works during 1830s. In fact, he was the first to work on a machine that can use and store values of large mathematical tables. The most important thing of this machine is its use in recording electric impulses, coded in the very simple binary system, with the help of only two kinds of symbols. This is quite a big leap closer to the basics on which computers today work. However, there was yet a long way to go. And, compared to present day computers, Babbages machine could be regarded as more of high-speed counting devices. For, they could only work on numbers alone! The Boolean algebra developed in the 19th century removed the numbers-alone limitation for these counting devices. This technique of mathematics, invented by Boole, helped correlate the binary digits with our language. For instance, the values of 0s are related with false statements and 1s with the true ones. British mathematician Alan Turing made further progress with the help of his theory of a computing model. Meanwhile the technological advancements of the 1930s helped much in furthering the advancement of computing devices. But the direct forefathers of present-day computer systems evolved in about 1940s. The Harvard Mark 1 Computer designed by Howard Aiken is the worlds first digital computer which made use of electro-mechanical devices. It was developed jointly by the International Business Machines (IBM) and the Harvard University in 1944. But the real breakthrough was the concept of the stored-program computer. This was when the Hungarian-American mathematician John von Neumann introduced the Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC). The ideathat instructions as well as data should be stored in the computers memory for better resultsmade this device totally different from its counting device type of forerunners. And since then computers have increasingly become faster and more powerful. Still, as against the present days personal computers, they had the simplest form of designs. It was based on a single CPU performing various operations, like, addition, multiplication and so on. And these operations would be performed following an order of instructions, called program, to produce the desired result. This form of design, was followed, with a little change even in the advanced versions of computers developed later. This changed version saw a division of the CPU into memory and arithmetic logical unit (ALU) parts and a separate input and output sections. In fact, the first four generations of computers followed this as their basic form of design. It was basically the type of hardware used that caused the difference over the generation. For instance, the first generation variety was based on vacuum tube technology. This was upgraded with the coming up of the transistors, and printed circuit board technology in the 2nd enerations. It was further upgraded by the coming up of integrated circuit chip technology where the little chips replaced a large number of components. Thus the size of computer was greatly reduced in the 3rd generation, while it become more powerful. But the real marvel came during the 1970s. It was with the introduction of the very large scale integrated technology (VLSI) in the 4th generation. Aided by this technology a tiny microprocessor can store millions of pieces of data. And based on this technology the IBM introduced its famous Personal Computers. Since then IBM itself, and other makers including Apple, Sinclair, and so forth, kept on developing more and more advanced versions of personal computers along with bigger and more powerful ones like Mainframe and Supercomputers for more complicated works. Meanwhile the tinier versions like laptops and even palmtops came up with more advanced technologies over the past couple of decades. But only advancement of technology cannot take the full credit for the amazing advancement of computers over the past few decades. Software, or the inbuilt logic to run the computer the way you like, kept on being developed at an equal pace. The coming of famous software manufacturers like Microsoft, Oracle, Sun have helped pacing up the development. The result of all these painstaking research is to add to our ease in solving complex problems at a lightning speed with a device that is easy to use and operate, called computer. In the beginning A generation refers to the state of improvement in the development of a product. This term is also used in the different advancements of computer technology. With each new generation, the circuitry has gotten smaller and more advanced than the previous generation before it. As a result of the miniaturization, speed, power, and memory of computers has proportionally increased. New discoveries are constantly being developed that affect the way we live, work and play. The First Generation: 1946-1958 (The Vacuum Tube Years) The first generation computers were huge, slow, expensive, and often undependable. In 1946 two Americans, PresperEckert, and John Mauchly built the ENIAC electronic computer which used vacuum tubes instead of the mechanical switches of the Mark I. The ENIAC used thousands of vacuum tubes, which took up a lot of space and gave off a great deal of heat just like light bulbs do. The ENIAC led to other vacuum tube type computers like the EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) and the UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer). The vacuum tube was an extremely important step in the advancement of computers. Vacuum tubes were invented the same time the light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison and worked very similar to light bulbs. Its purpose was to act like an amplifier and a switch. Without any moving parts, vacuum tubes could take very weak signals and make the signal stronger (amplify it). Vacuum tubes could also stop and start the flow of electricity instantly (switch). These two properties made the ENIAC computer possible. The ENIAC gave off so much heat that they had to be cooled by gigantic air conditioners. However even with these huge coolers, vacuum tubes still overheated regularly. It was time for something new. The Second Generation: 1959-1964 (The Era of the Transistor) The transistor computer did not last as long as the vacuum tube computer lasted, but it was no less important in the advancement of computer technology. In 1947 three scientists, John Bardeen, William Shockley, and Walter Brattain working at ATTs Bell Labs invented what would replace the vacuum tube forever. This invention was the transistor which functions like a vacuum tube in that it can be used to relay and switch electronic signals. There were obvious differences between the transitor and the vacuum tube. The transistor was faster, more reliable, smaller, and much cheaper to build than a vacuum tube. One transistor replaced the equivalent of 40 vacuum tubes. These transistors were made of solid material, some of which is silicon, an abundant element (second only to oxygen) found in beach sand and glass. Therefore they were very cheap to produce. Transistors were found to conduct electricity faster and better than vacuum tubes. They were also much smaller and gave off virtually no heat compared to vacuum tubes. Their use marked a new beginning for the computer. Without this invention, space travel in the 1960s would not have been possible. However, a new invention would even further advance our ability to use computers. The Third Generation: 1965-1970 (Integrated Circuits Miniaturizing the Computer) Transistors were a tremendous breakthrough in advancing the computer. However no one could predict that thousands even now millions of transistors (circuits) could be compacted in such a small space. The integrated circuit, or as it is sometimes referred to as semiconductor chip, packs a huge number of transistors onto a single wafer of silicon. Robert Noyce of Fairchild Corporation and Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments independently discovered the amazing attributes of integrated circuits. Placing such large numbers of transistors on a single chip vastly increased the power of a single computer and lowered its cost considerably. Since the invention of integrated circuits, the number of transistors that can be placed on a single chip has doubled every two years, shrinking both the size and cost of computers even further and further enhancing its power. Most electronic devices today use some form of integrated circuits placed on printed circuit boards thin pieces of bakelite or fiberglass that have electrical connections etched onto them sometimes called a mother board. These third generation computers could carry out instructions in billionths of a second. The size of these machines dropped to the size of small file cabinets. Yet, the single biggest advancement in the computer era was yet to be discovered. The Fourth Generation: 1971-Today (The Microprocessor) This generation can be characterized by both the jump to monolithic integrated circuits(millions of transistors put onto one integrated circuit chip) and the invention of the microprocessor (a single chip that could do all the processing of a full-scale computer). By putting millions of transistors onto one single chip more calculation and faster speeds could be reached by computers. Because electricity travels about a foot in a billionth of a second, the smaller the distance the greater the speed of computers. However what really triggered the tremendous growth of computers and its significant impact on our lives is the invention of the microprocessor. Ted Hoff, employed by Intel (Robert Noyces new company) invented a chip the size of a pencil eraser that could do all the computing and logic work of a computer. The microprocessor was made to be used in calculators, not computers. It led, however, to the invention of personal computers, or microcomputers. It wasnt until the 1970s that people began buying computer for personal use. One of the earliest personal computers was the Altair 8800 computer kit. In 1975 you could purchase this kit and put it together to make your own personal computer. In 1977 the Apple IIwas sold to the public and in 1981 IBM entered the PC (personal computer) market. Today we have all heard of Intel and its Pentium ® Processors and now we know how it all got started. The computers of the next generation will have millions upon millions of transistors on one chip and will perform over abillion calculations in a single second. There is no end in sight for the computer movement. BlueCat Linux BlueCat is LynuxWorks distribution of open source Linux, enhanced to meet the requirements of embedded developers. BlueCat includes a royalty-free, open source Linux distribution and is compatible with the LynxOS RTOS, an industry leader in hard, real-time embedded software. With its heritage of reliability, availability, and serviceability, BlueCat has a common source base and development tools for multiple embedded targets. Debian GNU/Linux Debian GNU/Linux is a free distribution of the Linux based operating system. It is maintained and updated through the work of many users who volunteer their time and effort. Along with its large selection of prepackaged software is contains advanced package management tools that allow for easy installation and maintenance on individual systems and workstation clusters. Extensive pre-release testing is done to ensure the highest degree of reliability possible, and a publicly accessible bug tracking system provides an easy way to monitor customer feedback. Gentoo Linux Gentoo Linux is designed for the developer, power user and enthusiast. It incorporates the latest sources and technologies (such as ReiserFS and the Portage system). Hard Hat Linux Hard Hat Linux and the Hard Hat Linux CDK are built from 100% pure Linux components and are maintained and distributed as an open source tool kit. MontaVista ships both source and easy-to-use pre-built binary packages on the same media. Hard Hat Linux includes no hidden proprietary components, and is always completely royalty-free. The MontaVista Software Hard Hat Linux Cross Development Kit (CDK), version1. , targets the broadest array of CPU architectures and board and system-level platforms of any embedded Linux development solution available today. Whether you are building Internet appliances, portable devices,networking equipment, telephony interfaces, or other embedded and pervasive applications, you can count on MontaVista Hard Hat Linux to provide robust Linux kernel ports, device drivers, middleware, and development tools to streamline your development effort. These MontaVista products are available for download at: mvista. com/download/index. html Mandriva Mandriva Linux is a powerful operating system that is available for many platforms: 32 bit processors such as Intel Pentium ®, AMD Athlon ®, PowerPC ®; and 64 bit processors such as Intel Itanium ® and AMD Opteron ®. Mandriva Linux includes many graphical administration assistants wizards that make it intuitive and fun to use while providing all the power and robustness of other Linux systems. Hundreds of included applications make it an ideal solution for both professional and home users. MkLinux MkLinux is an Open Source operating system which consists of an implementation of the Linux operating system hosted on the Mach microkernel. Versions of MkLinux run on the Intel, PA-RISC, and PowerPC architectures. Red Hat Enterprise Linux Red Hat Enterprise Linux is a high-end Linux distribution geared toward businesses with mission-critical needs. Rock Linux ROCK Linux is a modern Linux Distribution with a powerful auto-build process. Its mostly designed for skilled Linux/Unix Administrators. Its available for multiple platforms. ROCK Linux is a small distribution, but its not a mini distribution. It comes with over 200 packages including X11 and the GNOME Desktop but excluding menu driven configuration tools (most professional users prefer configuration files). A reasonably well configured installation of Rock Linux should be useful for any computer user (even beginners). Slackware Linux Slackware Linux is compatible with most Intel PC hardware. Slackware will provide stellar performance on high-end systems, including support for symmetric multi-processing (up to 16 processors), PCI, and special code optimizations for the 486, Pentium, and Pentium Pro and AMD Athlon SUSE Linux SUSE, now a subsidiary of Novell, produces one of the most popular mainstream Linux distrbutions. Yellow Dog Linux Yellow Dog Linux is a distribution for the PowerPC architecture. There are two versions: YDL Champion Server, which is the version designed for internet, intranet, development, and other mission-critical environments that require the most out of their operating system. The second is YDLGone Home, which is the version for the home or small office. TurboLinux TurboLinux provides a suite of high performance Linux productsfor the workstation and server markets. Available in English, Japanese and Chinese, Turbolinux offers Linux solutions geared towards corporate needs as well as the home desktop. TurboLinux also offers a unique clustering solution that allows for the construction of highly available and scalable networks based on low-cost commodity components. TurboLinux currently offers the choice of Gnome, KDE or the TurboDesk GUI and is distributed with powerful desktop applications such as StarOffice and Netscape. Astaro Security Linux Astaro Security Linux is a new firewall solution: It doesstateful inspection packet filtering, content filtering, virus scanning,VPN with IPSec and much more. With the web-based management tool and theability to pull updates over the Internet it it is pretty easy to manage. It is based on a special hardened Linux 2. 4 distribution, most daemonsare running in change-roots and are protected by capabilities. CHAINSAWLINUX Chainsaw Linux is a desktop OS designed for video audio production. It includes programs like Cinelerra, Kino, Blender, Cinepaint, Audacity. It doesnt include server programs like Sendmail and Apache which would tend to weigh it down. Coyote Linux Coyote Linux is designed for use by those wishing to share an Internet connection that is provided via an ethernet connection with other computers that are connected to a local area network (LAN). These types connections include cable modems, DSL lines and leased lines. The primary focus of the Coyote design is to make it as easy as possible toconfigure and use. CRUX CRUX is a Linux distribution geared towared the experienced user in search of a system without a lot of features and packages which he or she might consider unnecessary. The maintainer explains that the philosophy behind this distributon is keep it simple. Devil-Linux Devil-Linux is a mini distribution especially designed for a firewall and promises easy customization. Devil-Linux Boots from CD so there is no need for a harddisk. It supports Intel 486 and higher processors and uses the latest Linux kernel. EnGarde Secure Linux EnGarde is a secure distribution of Linux that implements advanced security techniques. It can be used as a web, DNS, mail, database, e-commerce, and general Internet server. LinuxROM (aka PizzaBox distro) Using KYZOs unique LinuxROM distribution, a PizzaBox Server boots and runs entirely from a bootable Flash ROM giving the server system security, reliability and ease of use not available form hard disk based operating systems. Freesco Freesco is a small (single floppy) distribution of Linux intended to be a replacement for minor models of Cisco routers. It fits on one floopy disk and is designed for users to be able to use old machines (i386) to set up a router. Supports standard Ethernet cards out of the box aLinux Distribution aimed at the desktop user. Comes with all of the major packages (KDE, The GIMP, KOffice) for the end user, as well as the developer (PHP, MySQL) Pocket Linux Pocket Linux is an almost minimal, one floppy Linux system designed to quickly convert a PC workstation into a secure, Linux-based workstation. It supports the use of secure protocols for dial-up or local networking. tomsrtbt This is a small Linux operating system that fits on a single floppy disk Its useful as a root/boot/recovery disk,since it loads itself onto a RAM disk (thus allowing you to remove the floppy once its fully loaded) and comes with tools for checking and repairing most filesystems, including msdos and ext2fs. Trustix Secure Linux Trustix Secure Linux is a project to make a hardened Linux distribution for servers. It features OpenSSL, OpenSSH, Apache w/SSLPHP, Postfix, POP3 and IMAP with SSL support, ProFTP, and ftpd-BSD. ZipHam This mini distribution is made by and for Ham-radio but everybody can use it! GCL- Grey Cat Linux Grey Cat Linux is a minimalist Linux distribution that is compatible and based on Slackware 3. 5/ Basiclinux. It can be installed permanently or it can be loaded every time you need it. Download size is below 2MB. It comes with useful sofware, like a browser and word processor. ASPLinux ASPLinux is 100% RedHat compatible multipurpose GNU/Linux distribution which includes all includes all necessary components for installing high performance Internet/Intranet server or powerful multimedia workstation. The installation program featuring graphical and text modes includes ASPDiskManager an utility which let users edit a hard drive partitions data manually during the installation. It allows copying, moving, and resizing partitions with FAT16, FAT32, NTFS, Ext2, Ext3, XFS and ReiserFS file systems preserving existent data. ASPLinux has also its own graphical easy-to-use boot manager ASPLoader. Comes in Deluxe, Standard and Express editions along with OEM-edition which is distributed with new PCs Alphalinux Alfalinux is a standard portable Slackware on two floppy disks, a real linux that loads himself in RAM. Youll find only standard applications (ex. bash or lynx) and a clear system. ttylinux ttylinux a small Linux system that can run from as little as 2. 88 megabytes of space. It will provide only a text-based interface, but it enables you to dial into the Internet and surf web pages even on a low-end machine. You need to be running Linux already to be able to set this system up. GNU/Linux UTUTO GNU/Linux UTUTO is a distribution thats designed to run from a CD. Its meant for users who want to try Linux or who want to demonstrate Linux to others without having to do the standard partitioning and installation. This is the first distribution to come from Argentina GNU/Linux UTUTO is una distribucion disenada para arancar desde un CD. Esta destinada a aquellos usuarios que quieran probar Linux o para demostrar Linux a otros sin la necesidad de hacer particiones en el disco duro para una instalacion standard. Es la primera distribucion Linux de Argentina. ScrudgeWare Distribution that uses GNU tools almost exclusively. ELKS Project to create a distribution that runs on pre i386 chips (8086, 8088, i286). Targetted at created an embeddable type system. K12LTSP K12LTSP is a terminal server appliance distribution of RedHat Linux. Its aim is to allow students in school to boot from diskless workstations and run the necessary tools to use the Internet plus run a word processor (Abiword), spreadsheet (Gnumeric), image manupulation tools (GIMP) as well as many other applications. VectorLinux A light-weight distribution aimed at desktop users and based on Slackware PA-RISC Linux Linux distribution that runs on machines that use Hewlett Packards PA-RISC processor. floppyfw floppyfw is a static Linux router with firewall-capabilities. It is based on packages from Debian. Gibraltar Gibraltar is a Debian GNU/Linux-based router and firewall package that boots directly from CD-ROM. Comes in commercial and free versions. PKLinux This distribution comes in two versions: Pklinux mini, which will install under Windows. It is aimed at people who want to try Linux out. Pklinux bigi is a standard but scaled down distribution based on Slackware. It is designed to run well with little physical RAM. Small Linux Small Linux is a minimalist distribution with the Linux kernel and file utilities that can boot on older systems like i386s with little physical ram memory. smoothwall Distribution geared toward those who have unused older equipment that they want to convert into firewalls. BasicLinux Tomukas Small Linux distribution featuring mc, joe, ssh and X-window with fvwm1. I can also be booted from an MS-DOS partition. The developer states: It works for me, it may work for you but it may not. JAILBAIT JAILBAIT means JAILBAITs Another Interesting Linux But Also Intimidating Tool. It is based on LEM and aimed toward developing net type appliances. Security-Enhanced Linux Not a distribution per se, SE Linux is a version of the Linux kernel enhanced for security purposes. It is developed by the U. S. governments National Security Agency and Secure Computing Corporation with the contributions of the University of Utah EmbLin Distribution aimed at the embedded developer. It fits on a floppy. Small, but provides Internet conectivity (lynx, mail, telnet) ZipSpeak Based on ZipSlack, ZipSpeak is intended for blind and visually impaired users. Speakup, a screen reader/voice synthesizer program is included in the distribution Linpus Linux Full-featured Chinese Linux distribution offering major packages and desktop enviroments. Offers complete multi-language support. Mastodon Linux Distribution based on an older (3. 0) version of Slackware. Uses libc5 and some applications ported from FreeBSD and OpenBSD ClarkConnect ClarkConnect has taken Red Hat, eliminated some applications, added some security features and connectivity software to create an Internet gateway distribution. ELinOS Distribution aimed at embedded Linux system developers and embedded applications development. Fli4L Fli4l is a single floppy Linux-based ISDN, DSL and Ethernet-Router. It is designed to convert old computers (486s) into productive network machines. Honung Linux Honung Linux resides on two floppies and after bootup it works completely from your RAM. It is made to be used in a router, its based on busybox and its aimed at being a clean system. Dreamcast Linux Distribution Linux distribution that is designed to run on the SEGA Dreamcast. Linspire (description provided by Linspire) Linspire is a full-featured computer operating system designed for desktop and laptop computers. Based on Debian Linux, Linspire provides a powerful, stable, virus-free computing experience, yet is incredibly easy-to-use. Bundled software includes a Microsoft Office file-compatible office suite, a powerful Internet and email suite, complete song and photo programs, media players for viewing animation and videos, and much more. New software is installed and managed with just one-click from Linspires CNR Warehouse, an online library of over 2,000 programs, with the optional Linspire CNR Service. Use Linspire to do things on the Web, create and share documents, work with graphics, play music, organize digital photos, view rich multimedia files and easily connect to networks and peripherals. IPCop Firewall IPCop is a complete Linux distribution that is designed to protect home or corporate networks from attack. It is based on SmoothWall, another security conscious distribution. Keeper Linux Minimalist Linux distribution designed to meet specific application needs. Current applications include the security of internal networks linked to DSL/cable modem and dial-up connections. Others include the administration of remote servers. Keeper boots off 2 floppy disks, with its root filing system in ramdisk, so no hard drive is necessary. Now available is a KLX bootable CDROM. It is designed to work as a secure gateway between networks. Includes: Modular 2. 4. 18 Linux Kernel. Iptables Firewall. Zebra Router, RIP, OSPF, BGP. SSH2 Client and Server (Openssh). PPP Dial-on-demand Internet Gateway. Full featured Rescue Disk Facilities. Standard Syslogd System logging White Glove Linux When you boot your computer from the White Glove CD, it instantly becomes a Linux powerhouse. It comes complete with firewall software, drivers for most Ethernet cards and Disks, a wide range of networking and other amazing tools, and even complete and secure web and DNS servers. It includes an on-CD manual and tutorial, menu-based services from the X11 graphical user interface, and a set of tools that meet or exceed those you are used to today. Its easy to use, easily fits in your shirt pocket, fast to boot and run, reliable, secure, and inexpensive. Yu0-GNU-Linux Distribution that fits on 2 disks (with 3rd as upgrade) and offers: work without hard disks, but it is possible to mount them, ext3 file system included, TEA files encryption and decryption, serbo-croatian menu with many options, upgrade disk gives possibility to use GnuPg as well. graphical login screen, immediate use of serbian cyrillic or latinic letters, immediate use of croatian latinic letters and keyboards, upgrade disk gives possibility to use GnuPg as well. graphical login screen, immediate use of serbian cyrillic or latinic letters, immediate use of croatian latinic letters and keyboards, many HOWTOs and documentation in Serbo-Croatian. Source Mage GNU/Linux This is a source-based distrib ution, where the package source files are downloaded and compiled for your architecture, selected optimizations, and installed libraries. This is a fork of Sorcerer GNU/Linux of when SGL was dropped, and then later reintroduced to become a non-GPL distribution, Sorcerer Linux. (broadband recommended for source downloads). SoL Server optimized Linux SoL is short for Server optimized Linux and is a Linux distribution completely independent from other Linux-distributions. It was built from the original src-packages and is optimized for heavy-duty server work. It contains all common server applications. You need SoL if you want to install Linux-Server and dont want to spend too much time installing the system, gathering and configuring the server-packages and configuring the system to boot and work as you want it to. The revolutionary XML boot- and script-technology makes it easy to configure and make the server work. PLD Linux Distribution PLD is a free distribution that provides a vast selection of over 9000 packages with virtually every program thats available to the Linux community, from servers and programming tools to multimedia and desktop software. Its meant to be developer-friendly, meaning that its easy both to customize PLD to ones own needs and to participate in its constant improvement, visible day by day. KNOPPIX Full-featured Linux distribution that boots from a CD. Includes the latest version of KDE and OpenOffice. Can be used to work from Linux on PCs without actually installing it, so it is ideal for demonstrations of Linux. Based on Debian. Firegate Server A server operating system based on Linux, Firegate Server SMB Edition is the first ever self-managing server OS designed for small and mid-sized businesses. Firegate securely connects offices to the Internet and to each other, protecting valuable electronic information. Office staff can securely surf the web, send and receive email, host the company web site, share files, host a customer database, and more Xandros Xandros is a distribution based of Debian and KDE that seeks to make Linux simpler and easier to use while broaden the scope of day to day activities that users desire. Initially focused on the desktop, Xandros is also developing server technologies. FireCast Software Suite for Kiosks WireSpring Technologies makes FireCast, a Linux-based software suite for building and managing interactive kiosk networks. Designed for use with standard PC hardware and supporting ELO touch screens, FireCast bundles a tamper-resistant kiosk environment, customizable user interface, web browser, and full multimedia support with a plug-and-play Linux operating system. FireCast also includes a complete set of web-based remote management and advertising control tools for scheduling content, monitoring device status, and creating and tracking ad campaigns. The software requires no prior knowledge of Linux, and uses a familiar graphical interface for all administrative functions. O-Net Italian distribution oriented toward networking. (Information at the website in Italian) LinuxInstall. org Designed with Linux novices in mind, this distribution is designed to install automagically. The user does not have to worry about partitioning the hard drive or selecting packages. A set of pre-selected productivity applications are installed (web browser, mail client) and the user is ready to go. Ark Linux The Ark Linux distribution is based on Red Hat Linux and geared toward the newcomer to Linux. The developers claim it can be installed in 4 mouse clicks. TopologiLinux This distribution can be run from any versions of Windows or Dos. Very easy to install and based on latest slackware. Includes X-windows Gnome Kde and many other applications. There is support for both FAT and NTFS filesystems! ARM Linux ARM Linux is a port of Linux to machines running ARM processors. The primary work was done by Russell King with contributions from others. SoL-diag SoL-diag is a diskless Linux operating system designed for rescue and analysis of i686 type computers. The 36MB image contains over 300 programs hich can be used for education on Linux systems. SoL-diag features the current stable Linux kernel with almost all available kernel modules. With SoL-diag, watching DVD, listening to mp3s and burning CD-RWs is possible without installing Linux on your harddrive. Yoper Yoper is a full-featured distribution that is designed to run on high-end CPUs (Pentium II and IV, AMD Athon, Duron and othe r similar chips). The developers have provided for easy install of packages from other major distributions (RPM, DEB, TGZ) Damn Small Linux Damn Small Linux is a business card size (50MB) Live CD Linux distribution. Despite its miniscule size it strives to have a functional and easy to use desktop. Morphix Morphix is a live-cd distribution designed to be run from a CD-ROM drive with no need to partition and install in your hard disk. It comes in three main types, a LightGUI (small footprint) version, a medium version with KDE and a HeavyGUI version that includes both the latest KDE and GNOME along with the OpenOffice suite Puppy Puppy is a tiny distribution but with a full suite of GUI apps and loads entirely into a 48M ramdisk. This means that all applications start in the blink of an eye and respond immediately. Puppy will fit into the small distro category, but is not floppy based. Also fits the live-CD based category, but not limited to that as can install to any storage media. Arch Linux A Linux Distribution optimized for the i686 architecture. Intrinsyc Linux At the Linux kernel, Intrinsyc supports ARM and PowerPC architectures. Both code bases are tightly synchronized with the latest stable branches adopted in the Linux community. The ARM kernel base supports SA1100 and PXA250/255. IBMs PowerPC 405EP embedded processor is a new member in our repository. On top of the Linux kernels, Intrinsyc has its I-Linux distribution file system. The Intrinsyc Linux distribution is based on the Familiar Distribution which was originally designed for use on the HP/Compaq iPAQ PDA, but has proven to be easily adaptable to a wide range of ARM-based hardware. Intrinsyc has also ported the Familiar packages onto its new PowerPC architecture, providing a unique solution not currently offered from anyone else for any device on the market. Familiar Linux is based on package feeds. Once you install the base file system image, users can install additional applications as packages over the network and tailor their own file systems to specific needs. Fedora Fedora Core is RedHats plan to develop a complete, general purpose operating system exclusively from free software. The distribution was created to replace low-end, comsumer versions of RedHat Linux. Impi Linux Linux distribution developed in South Africa. It is aimed at mainstream users. Includes productivity applications for accounting, word processing/spreadsheet, web browsing, email and other office and home user needs. MEPIS Linux Debian based distribution optimized for desktop use. Runs from a live CD and can be installed to a hard disk. Comes with the latest versions of KDE, Mozilla and OpenOffice. Boast easy hardware configuration including WiFi support. Roku OS Custom-developed embedded Linux distribution specifically designed for the Roku high-definition digital media player. It includes the Linux kernel plus Rokus media APIs. It is designed to be developer friendly. DeLi Linux DeLi Linux stands for Desktop Light Linux. Its aimed at taking advantage of older machines (pre-Pentium II). DeLi Linux is based on Slackware Bonzai Linux Bonzai Linux is a distribution designed to fit on a Mini CD. Its based on Debian and offers the latest version of the popular KDE. BU Linux Distribution based on RedHat and developer for students at Boston University CERN Linux CERN Linux is a ramped-up version of RedHat Linux. It is optimized to run clusters more efficiently FREEDUC Live CD distribution developed with the help of UNESCO. It has a fully functional desktop and offers interfaces in a variety of lanaguages. Aurox Linux Aurox is a distribution developed in Poland and aimed at mainstream users. The most recent version is based on Fedora Core. blag blag is a RedHat based distribution. It offers most things that any computer user might need (office suit, multimedia, graphics and more) IDMS Linux Distibution for servers. As the project members point out, there are no GUIs, No X, No fancy s**t Feather Linux Feather Linux is a Knoppix-based distribution which fits in under 64Mb, boots off a CD or USB pendrive, and has a wide range of applications for admin, desktop and rescue use. PCQuest Linux Mainstream Linux distribution based on Red Hats Fedora Core and developed by the magazine PC Quest based in India. The distribution is apparently only obtainable through a subscription to the magazine. ATOS Linux ATOS Mini Server is designed for the use in Intranets and offers a complete all-in-one Serversolution. ATOS Professional Server is designed for the use as an Interface between the Intranet and the WAN (DMZ). SLAX Live CD distribution based on Slackware. Includes the latest version of KDE as the desktop. GoboLinux Innovative distribution that doesnt use the traditional Linux file system hierarchy. Each application gets its own directory system. Insigne GNU/Linux Mainstream Linux distribution based on Red Hat. VLOS Distribution based on Gentoo and aimed at maintream users. Lineox Enterprise Linux Distribution from Finland that contains all freely distributable packages from Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Catix Live CD distribution produced in Catalonia, Spain. Program interfaces and documention are in Catalonian (Catalan). White Box Linux A distribution that aims to be a free version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. StartCom Linux Distribution with four versions all based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The versions are geared toward business data centers, home use, office workstations and software developers. HostGIS Linux Distribution developed especially for handing GIS (Geographic Information Systems) rpath Linux Distribution designed to use the Conary system, a distributed software management system alternatives to RPM and dpkg systems for updates. Quantian Live CD distribution based on Knoppix/Debian. It is geared toward numerical and quantitative analysis Berry Linux Live CD distribution based on Fedora. CCux Linux Distribution aimed at machines with i686 and higher processor. Updates based on RPM and apt. stresslinux Minimalist distribution that can boot from a CD, usb-stic or usb-floppy. Designed to stress-test hardware. Austrumi Small (50mb) live CD distribution based on Slackware. Annvix Distribution that aims to be a hardened version of Mandrake. Zenwalk Minislack Linux is a distribution aimed at developers but also includes the normal list of applications for general desktop use. As the name implies, its based on Slackware Adamantix Security enhanced version of Debian GNU/Linux. QiLinux Mainstream Linux distribution developed in Italy tinysofa Hardened Linux distribution that comes in two versions, classic and enterprise. Bayanihan Linux Mainstream distribution developed by the Advanced Science and Technology Institute of the Philippines CensorNet CensorNet provides users with the ability to filter network content and restrict access. Ubuntu Linux Mainstream distribution based on Debian that includes the latest version of all major software packages. The developers aim to make it accessable in many languages. Asianux Distribution aimed at servers and developed by Red Flag of China and Miracle Linux Cooperation of Japan ASLinux Desktop Distribution from Spain aimed at home users. Based on Debian. BioBrew Linux Linux distribution designed to be run on a cluster and enhanced for bioinformaticists and life scientists. BRaiLleSPEAK Debian-based minimalist distribution designed for sight-impared individuals. RedHawk Linux Real-time Linux distribution designed to be used embedded in devices. neoLinux Distribution designed for small and medium businesses. Developed in Brazil. Danix Live CD distribution based on Knoppix and optimized for Czech and Slovak users. Dappix Danish version of Knoppix DietLinux Floppy or CD based minimalist Linux distribution designed to use small-footprint libraries dyne:bolic Live CD distribution aimed at multimedia developers and designed to run effectively on older hardware. eduKnoppix Live CD distribution created in Italy and optimized for use in Italian schools. As the name indicates, it is based on Knoppix. Fermi Linux Security enhanced distribution based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux GeeXboX Live CD distribution centered around MPlayer and designed to be a multimedia player. Gentoox Distribution based on Gentoo and designed to run on the X-Box PXES Minimalist distribution designed to turn older PCs into diskless thin clients. Hakin9 Live Live CD distribution that comes with security oriented tools Hikarunix Live CD distribution especially designed to play the game of Go. INSERT Live CD distribution designed to be used for disaster recovery for both Linux and Windows (supports NTFS, FAT and MSDOS) systems. Based on Knoppix LinVDR Minimalist Linux distribution aimed at turning a machine with modest hardware into a Video Disk Recorder (VDR) and Personal Video Recorder (PVR) Games Knoppix Version of the live CD distribution Knoppix modified to include a large variety of games. Runs best with 3D optimized video cards. eLux eLux is a version of Linux for embedded systems specifically thin clients. Its designed to provide access to both MS Windows and Linux on remote systems PCLinuxOS Attractive live CD distribution based on Mandrake. It is user-friendly and aimed at the general public. SAM Minimalist but attractive live CD distribution based on Mandrake. The whole system fits in 200 MB GoblinX Live CD distribution based on Slackware. Comes with many of the most popular applications for Linux Santa Fe Linux Santa Fe features automatic hardware detection and configuration. Our distribution was designed to make the best open source software available to the ordinary user. Good for beginners and experts alike, Santa Fes simple interface and graphical installer remove the frustration from Linux Flash Linux Distribution that can run from USB key drive or similiar devices. Based on Gentoo. LVP LVP is a live CD distribution based on ROCK Linux. Its designed to play video on low-power machines. uClinux uClinux is a derivative of Linux 2. 0 kernel intended for microcontrollers without Memory Management Units (MMUs). iPodLinux iPodLinux is a combination of a modified uClinux kernel (for embedded devices) and a simple user interface called Podzilla that can be installed on the Apple iPod and used to control that device. Pie Box Enterprise Linux Pie Box is one of several Red Hat Enterprise Linux clones. It delivers an enterprise-class operating system. DiscoverStation Linux distribution designed to enable one PC to provide up to 10 separate user sessions with each using their own monitor. DiscoverStation features time management and internet content filtering and is ideal for multi-user environments like schools or internet cafes. FoxLinux Distribution based on Fedora Core and developed in Italy. It is aimed at desktop users and features easy installation DARKSTAR Linux A user-friendly desktop Linux distribution from Romania. Has the look and feel of Windows XP. SLYNUX Live CD distribution from India and based on Knoppix OpenLX Linux The OpenLX LINUX Distribution aims to offer an Enterprise-grade LINUX to the widest spectrum of users, right from the individuals wanting a freely download-able/exchangeable one, right up-to the large-Enterprise that needs 24/7/365 support with complete aspects of Installation-Maintenance-Support-Training aspects being taken care of at a single point. Slamd64 Slamd64 is an unofficial port of Slackware Linux to the x86_64 architecture Foresight Linux Forsight Linux is a distribution based around the GNOME desktop. Mono is also featured prominently. The package system is based on Conary. Symphony OS Distribution based on Debian and Knoppix that offers a new kind of desktop experience called the Mezzo Desktop Environment. Kanotix Live CD distribution based on Debian. Emphasis on hardware support. Myah OS Myah OS is a live CD distribution that is designed for ease of use and offers applications aimed at the general public. UMCE Linux UMCE Linux is a custom distribution designed to run servers at the University of Michigan STUX GNU/Linux STUX is a live CD distribution that uses the KDE desktop. It comes with advanced support for multimedia formats. Arudius Arudius is a live CD distribution based on Slackware. It is designed for use for security purposes and so contains many tools for network and software vulnerability analysis. LiMP Linux Multimedia Player or LiMP is a small footprint distribution designed for media format playback. It supports mpeg layer 1, 2 and 3 (mp3), divx, Windows Media, Quicktime, Real Video as well as audio codecs wav, wma and Ogg Vorbis. It can be run as a standard distribution or from Microsoft Windows. Scientific Linux Distribution whose purpose is to create a common install base for scientific experiementation NimbleX Live CD distribution based on Slackware that will also boot from a USB device. Despite its small size, it comes with many mainstream Linux applications. Musix Musix es una distribucion tipo live CD destinado a musicos, tecnicos sonidistas y usuarios en general: una enorme coleccion de programas libres. VideoLinux Live CD distribution that specializes in video tools. Includes applications for DVD backup, video encoding, editing and authoring Sauver Live CD distribution that features three editions: rescue, desktop and laptop. CentOS Enterprise Linux system based on freely available Red Hat sources. Brazil Firewall and Router BrazilFW is a Linux mini-distro, designed for setting up network utility services such as internet connection sharing, firewalling, routing and wireless access points. It is based on Coyote Linux. Pardus General purpose Linux distribution aimed at Turkish users. A live CD version is also available. Openwall GNU/Linux Owl Security-enhanced Linux distribution designed to be mainly a server platform Zeroshell Zeroshell is a live-CD distribution with enhanced security and networking capability. Elive Live CD distribution based on Debian. Features the Enlightenment desktop as its main user interface Freespire Community developed version of the Linspire Linux distribution. There are two versions: One which only includes free software and another which includes legally-licensed, proprietary codecs, drivers and software. X-Evian Live CD distribution from Spain based on Debian and Knoppix Pioneer Linux Mainstream Linux distribution based on Ubuntu. Comes in three versions: one designed for older hardware, one designed for general use and a commercial version that comes with Codeweavers Crossover software for running Windows rograms. Ulteo Mainstream Linux distribution created by Mandrake co-founder Gael Duval. Based on Debian. Icebreaker Distribution produced by rPath and Ingres. It contains a minimal set of tools that are just needed to run the Ingres database BOSS (Bharat Operating System Solutions) Mainstream distribution made specifically for the Indian environment. Its development is sponsored by the National Resourc e Center for Free/Open Source Software myOS Minimalist Linux distribution which is able to run OpenGL/C code without X. 64 Studio Debian-based distribution for digital content creation. Designed for 64 bit processors, though there is a 32 bit port available. blueflops Minimalist distribution that fits on two floppy disks. Despite its lacking a GUI, web browsing in graphical mode can be done via text mode browser links plus svgalib. Parted Magic Live CD distribution designed to be a tool for partitioning hard drives. It contains an extensive collection of tools to handle all types of fileystem. BeaFanatIX Minimalist distribution that is a re-worked version of now defunct BeatriX with more of an Ubuntu flavor. Openfiler Openfiler is a distribution thats specially designed for storage management. It allows you to get a Network Attached Storage (NAS) or Storage Area Network (SAN) server up and running quickly. Granular Linux Distribution oriented toward novices and designed with a modular approach. A live CD version is available. grml Debian-based Live CD distribution designed for system administrators. Includes tools for system analysis and rescue. Sidux Distribution based on the unstable branch of Debian. It is designed to be constantly updated, never needing a major version update. Absolute Lightweight Slackware-based distribution optimised to run on older hardware. Paldo Distribution oriented toward mainstream users that includes its own package management system, Upkg. Its a cross between a source-build (Gentoo) and binary based system. Voyage Linux Stripped down version of Debian optimized to run in embedded systems AntiX Scaled-down version of MEPIS designed to work on older hardware. Desktop can be either Fluxbox or IceWM. Parsix GNU/Linux Live CD distribution based on Debian and KANOTIX and optimized for Persian keyboard layout and fonts. Tuquito GNU/Linux Tuquito GNU/Linux is a distribution developed in Argentina and based on Debian. It features advanced hardware detection Momonga Momonga is a mainstream distribution optimized for Japanese language Galinux Galinux is a distribution based on Slax (which in turn is based on Slackware) and developed for educational use. Development takes place in Galicia (Spain) and it is optimized for the local language Galician (Gallego pure:dyne Live CD distribution that provides a complete and ready made environment for media artists and developers who are looking for a free operating system dedicated to realtime audio and video processing Current versions ?Windows 7, for home and business desktops and portable computers ? Windows 7 Starter A variant for developing countries and netbooks, in which the Aero theme is not included, nor 64-bit compatibility. This edition will be available pre-installed on computers through system integrators or computer manufacturers. ?Windows 7 Home Basic Windows 7 Home Basic will be available in emerging markets such as Brazil, Peoples Republic of China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Thailand. It will not be available in countries such as Australia, Canada, France, Germany, The Netherlands, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, New Zealand, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Some Aero options are excluded along with several new features. ?Windows 7 Home Premium This edition contains features aimed at the home market segment, such as Windows Media Center,Windows Aero and touch-screen controls. ?Windows 7 Professional This edition is targeted toward enthusiasts and small business users. It includes all the features of Windows 7 Home Premium, and adds the ability to participate in a Windows Server domain. Additional features include operating as a Remote Desktop server, location aware printing, Encrypting File System, Presentation Mode and Windows XP Mode. Windows 7 Enterprise (Microsoft Windows NT 6. 1. 7600) This edition targets the enterprise segment of the market and will be sold through volume licensing to companies which have Software Assurance contract with Microsoft. Additional features include support forMultilingual User Interface (MUI) packages, BitLocker Drive Encryption, and UNIX application-support. Not available through retail or OEM channels , this edition will be distributed through Microsoft Software Assurance (SA). As a result it includes several SA-only benefits, including a license allowing the running of multiple virtual machines, and activation via VLK. Windows 7 Ultimate Windows 7 Ultimate contains the same features as Windows 7 Enterprise, but unlike that edition it will be available to home users on an individual license basis. Windows 7 Home Premium and Windows 7 Professional users will be able to upgrade to Windows 7 Ultimate for a fee using Windows Anytime Upgrade if they wish to do so. Unlike Windows Vista Ultimate, the Windows 7 Ultimate edition will not include the Windows Ultimate Extras feature or any exclusive features. (6. 1. 7600) ? Windows Server 2008 R2 for servers. ?Windows Web Server 2008 R2 ?Windows Storage Server 2008 R2 ?Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard Edition Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise Edition ?Windows Server 2008 R2 Datacenter Edition ?Windows Server 2008 R2 for Itanium-based Systems ?Windows HPC Server 2008 R2 for high Performance supercomputers ? Windows Server 2008 R2 Foundation ?Windows Mobile 6. 5 for smartphones and PDAs ?Windows Home Server Announced at the 2007 Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas. Windows Home Server is intended to be a solution for homes with multiple connected PCs to offer file sharing, automated backups, and remote access. ?Windows XP Embedded, for embedded systems requiring parts of the Windows XP infrastructure ? Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs, a low-end version of Windows XP that is intended to be a thin-client that works with older hardware. ?Windows Embedded CE 6. 0, for embedded systems (not based on the Windows NT kernel) Past versions ?Windows Mobile 6. 1 for smartphones and PDAs ?Windows Server 2008 for servers. ?Windows Web Server 2008 ?Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition ?Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition (Microsoft Windows NT 6. 0. 6001 Service Pack 1) ? Windows Server 2008 Datacenter Edition ?Windows Storage Server 2008 ?Windows Small Business Server 2008 (Codenamed Cougar) for small businesses ? Windows Essential Business Server 2008 (Codenamed Centro) for medium-sized businesses[1] ? Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems ?Windows HPC Server 2008 for high Performance supercomputers ? Windows Server Foundation 2008 ?Windows Vista, for home and business desktops and portable computers ? Windows Vista Starter Similar to Windows XP Starter Edition, this edition will be limited to emerging markets such as Colombia, India, Thailand, and Indonesia, mainly to offer a legal alternative to using unauthorized copies. It will not be available in the United States, Canada, Europe, or Australia. Windows Vista Home Basic Similar to Windows XP Home Edition, Home Basic is intended for budget users not requiring advanced media support for home use. The Windows Aero theme with translucent effects will not be included with this edition. ?Windows Vista Home Premium Like Windows XP Media Center Edition, this edition will support more advanced multimedia and entertainment authoring, premiu m games, mobile and tablet PC support, Network Projector, Windows Aero, Touch Screen, and auxiliary display (via Windows Side Show) support. ?Windows Vista Business This edition is aimed at the business market. It includes advanced network and security features, whilst excluding entertainment features. ?Windows Vista Enterprise (Microsoft Windows NT 6. 0. 6000. 0) This edition is aimed at the enterprise segment of the market, and is a superset of the Business edition. Additional features include multilingual user interface support, BitLocker Drive Encryption, and UNIX application support. This edition will not be available through retail or OEM channels ? Windows Vista Ultimate This edition combines all the features of the Home Premium and Enterprise editions, a game performance tweaker (WinSAT), and Ultimate Extras. Windows Server 2003 for servers ?Small Business Server for first server installations (up to 2 processors) ? Web Edition for basic Web serving (up to 2 processors) ?Standard Edition for smaller server applications that dont require clustering (up to 4 processors) ? Enterprise Edition for larger server applications, and clustering (up to 8 processors) ? Datacenter Edition for ma inframe like servers (up to 128 processors) ? Storage Server for Network Attached Storage Devices (5. 2. 3790) ? Windows Mobile 6 for smartphones and PDA ?Windows Mobile 6 Standard for smartphones Windows Mobile 6 Classic for PDA without GSM ?Windows Mobile 6 for PDA with GSM ?Windows XP for desktops and laptops (notebooks) ?Windows XP Starter Edition, for new computer users in developing countries ? Windows XP Home Edition, for home desktops and laptops ?Windows XP Home Edition N, as above, but without a default installation of Windows Media Player, as mandated by an EU ruling ? Windows XP Professional, for business and power users (Version number: NT 5. 1. 2600) ? Windows XP Professional N, as above, but without a default installation of Windows Media Player, as mandated by an EU ruling ? Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, for PCs with x86-64 processors (based on Windows Server 2003) ? Windows XP Tablet PC Edition, for notebooks with a touch screen or a pen-sensitive screen ? Windows XP Media Center Edition for desktops and notebooks with an emphasis on audio, video, and PVR capability. There are four versions: ? Windows XP Media Center Edition ?Windows XP Media Center Edition 2003 ?Windows XP Media Center Edition 2004 ?Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005 ?2001 October 25 Windows XP 64-bit Edition A version of Windows XP roughly analogous to Windows XP Professional for Intels IA-64 (Itanium) line of CPUs.

Written Business Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Written Business Plan - Assignment Example The target are the home owners in in the city of Philadelphia. The marketing plan would include promotion, pricing, product, and placement. Spretics Designer’s competitive advantage first comes from the pricing position. This system gives the company a competitive edge, especially in a society that has an idea about interior designers. The segmented pricing would be useful in penetrating the market effectively. The marketing. All the operations in the firm would be documented. The firm would use customer feedback to improve its quality of services and products. In the same way, newly recruited employees would undergo training so as improve their job performance and skills. The major risk of the business is that one may use obsolete technology due to rapid changes in the design industry. Therefore, the exit strategy for the business would include merging the business or selling it to interested investors. However, in the next 3 years, the sales are projected to grow to over $90 0,000. Due to the rapid technological advancements, the design industry has also developed. More businesses and people need interior design services for either commercial or personal use. Spritecs Designers would be strategically located to take advantage of the fifth-most populous city in the U.S. The target market for Spritecs Designers are the business community, local community, and learning institutions. There are currently very few professional designers in Market Street, Philadelphia giving a great opportunity for more to enter. In the same way, implementing a suitable pricing system and effectiveness of the marketing strategy are the main driver for the success of the company and to achieve profits in the future. Through extensive research in the Philadelphia, accountable information had been gathered to adequately be used to approach the targeted customers and the best service they are looking for and how much do they pay for it. The existing companies charges